| c(D,S,t) = | c(0,S,t) + (16.23 + 0.253t)D + (0.213-0.1t)D2 + [0.016 + 0.0002(S-35)](S - 35)tD |
| c(0,S,t) = | 1449.05 + 45.7t - 5.21t2 + 0.23t3 + (1.333 - 0.126t + 0.009t2)(S - 35) |
|
t = T/10 where T = temperature in
degrees Celsius S = salinity in parts per thousand D = depth in kilometres |
|
Range of validity: temperature 0 to 35 °C, salinity 0 to 45 parts per thousand, depth 0 to 4000 m
The above equation for the speed of sound in sea-water as a function of temperature, salinity and depth is given by Coppens equation (1981).
Reference
A.B. Coppens, Simple equations for the speed of sound in Neptunian waters (1981) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 69(3), pp 862-863